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tle>
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<div class=3DSection1 style=3D'layout-grid:20.55pt .25pt;mso-layout-grid-ch=
ar-alt:
1062'>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><b><span
style=3D'font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>アパӦ=
0;ト賃貸借に関する二&=
#38988;<span
lang=3DEN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dright style=3D'text-align:right'>弁ť=
03;士・ﾏﾝｼｮﾝ管理=
士 大岡琢美</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'>第１=
; 消費者契約法とア&#=
12497;ート賃貸借</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> １=
; <u><span
style=3D'color:blue'>消費者契約法</span=
></u>の概要</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> =
; 民法の契約自由&#=
12398;原則を修正する特Ò=
29;法</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:49.0=
5pt;
mso-char-indent-count:4.0'><span lang=3DEN-US>2001</span>年<span
lang=3DEN-US>4</span>月<span lang=3DEN-US>1</span>日施=
4892;</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:12.2=
5pt;
mso-char-indent-count:1.0'> 条文の=
紹介</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:12.25pt;mso-para-mar=
gin-left:
1.0gd;text-align:left;text-indent:12.25pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.0'>=
2;<span
lang=3DEN-US>1</span>条（目的）</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:24.5pt;mso-para-marg=
in-left:
2.0gd;text-align:left;text-indent:12.25pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.0'>ӕ=
1;の法律は、<u>消費者ӗ=
2;事業者</u>との間の<u>情&#=
22577;の質及び量並びにÉ=
32;渉力の格差</u>にかん=
364;み、･･･、消費者=
;の利益の擁護を図･&#=
65381;･、･･･ること|=
34;目的とする。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:12.25pt;mso-para-mar=
gin-left:
1.0gd;text-align:left'> 第<span lang=3DEN-US>2</span>条&=
#65288;定義）→適用範囲</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:49.05pt;mso-para-mar=
gin-left:
1.0gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-36.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:-3.0'>z=
88; １ この法律にお=
いて「消費者」とは=
2289;個人（事業としてࡠ=
8;は事業のために契約&=
#12398;当事者となる場合=
395;おけるものを除く）=
;をいう。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:49.05pt;mso-para-mar=
gin-left:
1.0gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-36.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:-3.0'>z=
88; ２ この法律にお=
いて「事業者」とは=
2289;①<u>法人その他の団=
307;</u>及び②<u>事業として&=
#21448;は事業のために契 =
004;の当事者となる場合=
;における個人</u>をいӓ=
8;。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:49.05pt;mso-para-mar=
gin-left:
1.0gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-36.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:-3.0'>z=
88; ３ この法律にお=
いて「消費者契約」=
2392;は、<span
style=3D'color:blue'>消費者と事業್=
3;との間で締結される&=
#22865;約</span>をいう。<span
style=3D'color:blue'>（借主が事業್=
3;の場合は関係ない。&=
#65289;</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:12.25pt;mso-para-mar=
gin-left:
1.0gd;text-align:left'> 第<span lang=3DEN-US>9</span>条&=
#65288;消費者が支払う損=
475;賠償額を予定する条=
;項等の<u>一部無効</u>）</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:49.05pt;mso-para-mar=
gin-left:
1.0gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-36.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:-3.0'>z=
88; １ 当該消費者契=
約の解除に伴う損害=
6064;償の額を予定（すᦀ=
9;･･･る条項であっ&=
#12390;、･･･同種の消$=
027;者契約の解除に伴い=
;当該事業者に生ずべ&#=
12365;<u>平均的な損害の額</=
u>を超えるもの</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:49.05pt;mso-para-mar=
gin-left:
1.0gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-36.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:-3.0'>z=
88; ２ 当該消費者契=
約に基づき支払うべ=
2365;金銭･･･支払わӗ=
4;い場合における損害&=
#36064;償の額を予定（すA=
289;･･･る条項であっ=
;て、･･･年<span
lang=3DEN-US>14.6</span>％の割合を乗=
2376;て計算した額を超Ӕ=
0;るもの</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:12.25pt;mso-para-mar=
gin-left:
1.0gd;text-align:left'> 第<span lang=3DEN-US>10</span>条=
（消費者の利益を一=
6041;的に害する条項の=
1;効）</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:24.5pt;mso-para-marg=
in-left:
2.0gd;text-align:left;text-indent:12.25pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.0'>=
5;法、商法その他の法&=
#24459;の公の秩序に関し=
394;い規定の適用による=
;場合に比し、消費者&#=
12398;権利を制限し、又{=
99;消費者の義務を加重=
する消費者契約の条=
8917;であって、民法第<span
lang=3DEN-US>1</span>条<span lang=3DEN-US>2</span>項に=
5215;定する基本原則（=
9;義誠実の原則）に反&=
#12375;て<u>消費者の利益を&=
#19968;方的に害するもの=
399;、無効</u>とする。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> ２=
; アパート賃貸借へ&#=
12398;適用（退去時の借È=
27;負担に関する契約条=
項の効力）</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> =
; 消費者契約法の&#=
36969;用</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:36.8pt;mso-para-marg=
in-left:
3.0gd;text-align:left;text-indent:12.25pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.0'><u>=
6024;主が個人であってә=
8;原則的に適用</u>され|=
27;。<u>借主が事業者のá=
80;合は適用されない</u>=
290;</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> =
; 敷金・保証金の&#=
24615;質</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:36.8pt;mso-para-marg=
in-left:
3.0gd;text-align:left;text-indent:12.25pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.0'>ੌ=
8;近、借主が少額訴訟&=
#12434;利用して敷金・保#=
388;金の返還を請求する=
;など、退去時の借主&#=
36000;担に関する紛争がâ=
79;えている。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:36.8pt;mso-para-margin-left:3.0gd;
text-indent:12.25pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.0'><u>敷金</u>{=
92;は、借主の賃料支払=
債務その他の<u>債務を=
担保する目的</u>で、賃=
;貸借が終了し借主が&#=
30446;的物を返還したと{=
65;に<u>借主に債務不履Ŝ=
92;があれば</u>それを<u>差&=
#12375;引いた残額</u>を、<u>Ç=
81;履行がなければ全額=
を借主に返還</u>する約=
;束で借主から貸主に&#=
20132;付される金銭のこ{=
92;。保証金も敷金と同=
じ性質の場合が多い=
2290;</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:36.8pt;mso-para-marg=
in-left:
3.0gd;text-align:left'> したがって=
289;敷金・保証金から控=
;除できるのは借主が&#=
25903;払義務を負う金額{=
98;みであり、貸主は残=
額について返還義務=
2434;負う。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> =
; 原状回復特約</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:49.05pt;text-align:l=
eft;
text-indent:-49.05pt;mso-char-indent-count:-4.0'> &#=
12450; 原状回復とは、Í=
11;主が目的物を賃貸借=
開始時の状態に戻し=
2390;付属物等を収去すӚ=
7;こと、借主の権利で&=
#12354;ると共に義務でも=
354;る（民法<span
lang=3DEN-US>616</span>条、<span lang=3DEN-US>598</span>条=
;）。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:49.05pt;mso-para-mar=
gin-left:
1.0gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-36.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:-3.0'>z=
88; イ <u>原状回復特ŀ=
04;</u>とは、原状回復の<u>&=
#31684;囲</u>、<u>方法</u>及び<u>ฒ=
7;用負担</u>等について{=
98;<u>取決め</u>のこと。例&=
#12360;ば、</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:73.6pt;mso-para-marg=
in-left:
3.0gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-36.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:-3.0'>z=
88;①壁クロスや畳表の&=
#24373;替代を借主に負担=
373;せる<u>契約条項</u></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:73.6pt;mso-para-marg=
in-left:
3.0gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-36.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:-3.0'>z=
88;②部屋のクリーニン&=
#12464;代を借主に負担さ=
379;る<u>契約条項</u></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:73.6pt;mso-para-marg=
in-left:
3.0gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-36.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:-3.0'>z=
88;③玄関ドアの鍵を交&=
#25563;代借主に負担させ=
427;<u>契約条項</u></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> =
; ウ 原状回復特約&#=
12398;効力に関する<u>裁判&#=
20363;</u></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:49.05pt;mso-para-mar=
gin-left:
1.0gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-36.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:-3.0'>z=
88; 原状回復特約=
は、民法上の原状回=
4489;義務（<u>自然損耗及=
2403;通常の使用によるਁ=
3;耗の修繕を含まない<=
/u>）に比べて借主に不=
利な内容を定める場=
1512;には、原則としてӌ=
9;消費者契約法<span
lang=3DEN-US>10</span>条に該当して<u>&#=
28961;効</u>である（大阪高&=
#35009;平成<span
lang=3DEN-US>17</span>年<span lang=3DEN-US>1</span>月<span lang=
=3DEN-US>28</span>日判決ほか）。<=
/p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> =
; <u>敷引特約</u></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:49.05pt;text-align:l=
eft;
text-indent:-49.05pt;mso-char-indent-count:-4.0'> &#=
12450; 敷引特約とは、ă=
75;金・保証金の返還に=
あたって一定額を償=
1364;（控除）する旨のࡢ=
2;決めのこと。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> =
; イ 敷引特約の効&#=
21147;に関する裁判例</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:49.05pt;mso-para-margin-left:4.0g=
d'> 民法<span
lang=3DEN-US>601</span>条、<span lang=3DEN-US>606</span>条=
;適用に比べ借主の義&#=
21209;を加重する条項で{=
54;るが、敷金の額が相=
当で、賃料額が敷引=
2365;を考慮して適正に=
3;えられている限り、&=
#20140;阪神地方において=
399;長年の慣行であるこ=
;とから必ずしも不当&#=
12392;はいえない。本件{=
91;は敷引特約の趣旨を=
通常損耗部分の補修=
6027;に充てるためのもӗ=
8;とみるのが相当であ&=
#12426;、敷金の額、敷引=
365;の額、賃料額、賃貸=
;物件の広さ、賃貸借&#=
22865;約期間などを総合Ň=
71;慮して、敷引額が適=
正額の範囲内では本=
0214;敷引特約は有効でӓ=
4;り、その<u>適正額をฦ=
9;える部分につき</u>（Ę=
40;費者契約法<span
lang=3DEN-US>10</span>条に該当してʌ=
89;<u>無効</u>となるとして&=
#12289;<u>敷金<span
lang=3DEN-US>50</span>万円</u>のうち<u>ਥ=
5;引<span
lang=3DEN-US>40</span>万円の特約</u>に&=
#12388;いて敷金の<span
lang=3DEN-US>2</span>割に相当する<u><sp=
an
lang=3DEN-US>10</span>万円</u>を超える&=
#25975;引きを無効としたA=
288;大阪地裁平成<span
lang=3DEN-US>17</span>年<span lang=3DEN-US>4</span>月<span lang=
=3DEN-US>20</span>日判決）。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> =
; ウ 検討</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:49.05pt;mso-para-mar=
gin-left:
4.0gd;text-align:left'> 原状回復特 =
004;は消費者契約法<span
lang=3DEN-US>10</span>条に該当して<u>&#=
28961;効</u>とされるおそれ&=
#12364;大きいので、リフ=
457;ーム代は他の方法で=
;借主から回収するこ&#=
12392;を検討すべきであ|=
27;。他の方法とは、賃=
料、礼金、敷引（賃=
6009;の<span
lang=3DEN-US>2</span>か月分程度なӚ=
5;有効か？）。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'><span lang=3DEN=
-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'>第２=
; 賃料不払いの場合&#=
12398;対処法</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> １=
; 契約を解除しても&#=
36864;去しない場合</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:24.5pt;mso-para-marg=
in-left:
2.0gd;text-align:left'> 借主の経済 =
366;態や性格からみて不=
;払いが解消できない&#=
12392;思われるときは、<u>&#=
26089;期に解除通知を発{=
75;て退去を求める</u>。=
321;護士名での解除通知=
;（内容証明郵便）の&#=
25163;数料は１件３万円Ë=
01;。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> ２=
; 家財の一部を置い&#=
12383;まま転居した場合</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'margin-left:24.5pt;mso-para-marg=
in-left:
2.0gd;text-align:left'> まず、転居=
808;を調査する（弁護士=
;や司法書士に頼べば&#=
20303;民票を取り寄せる{=
71;とができる）。残置=
物を搬出するのはも=
2385;ろん部屋に入るだӔ=
9;でも借主の了解が必&=
#35201;である。無断で行=
358;のは、原則として違=
;法である（<u>自力救済=
;の禁止</u>）。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> ３=
; <u>裁判</u>による明渡=
2375;の手順及び問題点</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> =
;①訴えを提起して判=
7770;を取る。費用がかӔ=
3;る。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:24.5=
pt;
mso-char-indent-count:2.0'> 借主の転居=
先が不明のときは<u>訴=
状</u>等の<u>公示送達</u>に=
数か月かかる。 =
2288;</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> =
;②明渡しと動産売却=
2398;<u>強制執行</u>を執行官=
;宛てに申し立てる。&#=
36027;用がかかる。 </p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> =
;③執行官が現地に出=
1521;き、借主に退去を=
4;める。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> =
;④借主が応じないと=
2365;は、明渡しを断行ӕ=
7;る。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:36.8=
pt;
mso-char-indent-count:3.0'>運送業者、保=
管場所、買取業者等=
2398;手配が必要になるӍ=
0;費用がかかる。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'> ４=
; 保証人の責任の範&#=
22258;</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:24.5pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd=
'> 賃貸借の経過期間&=
#12364;長期に及んでいる=
392;きや、借主に対する=
;賃料請求や退去請求&#=
12364;不十分なために借È=
27;の債務が増えたとき=
は、保証人の責任が=
1046;限される場合があӚ=
7;。</p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dright style=3D'text-align:right'>以Ç=
78;</p>
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